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| Soldiers from Netzah Yehuda IDF army unit |
Rashi explains this verse to mean that a person should bring korbanot to HaShem only from the best of what is in his possession.
Rabbi Moshe Ḥaim Lutzatto elaborates on this point in Mesillat Yesharim (Ch. 19) by bringing the example of Kayin and Hevel. He explains that “Hevel offered of the first-born of his sheep and of their fats, and Kayin offered of the worst of the fruits of the earth, as we are told by our Sages of blessed memory (B’reishit Rabbah 22:5). What was the outcome? ‘And HaShem gave heed to Hevel and his gift, but to Kayin and his gift He gave no heed.’ (B’reishit 4:4-5) And ‘Cursed is the deceiver who has in his flock a male, but pledges and sacrifices an abomination to G-D… for I am a great King.’ (Malakhi 1:14)”
Hevel understood himself and everything he owned to have originated from HaShem. By offering the best of what he had to give, Hevel declared that he personally possessed nothing, as all actually belongs to the Kadosh Barukh Hu. Kayin, by contrast, was only prepared to offer his leftovers, indicating that he had no obligations to anyone and only gave to HaShem as an act of generosity. Therefore his name Kayin – from kaniti (I have acquired) – implied that everything he owned belonged solely to him. It was in this manner that Kayin essentially related to the Creator as a beggar.
The above distinction between Kayin and Hevel also illustrates the major difference between the mentality of redemption and that of the exile.
In Israel today, Jews from diverse backgrounds are prepared to leave their families and all they possess in order to take responsibility for the future of the Jewish people. They go up for military service with the clear awareness that they might never return and are prepared to give all of themselves for their people because there is an understanding – although not always conscious – that Israel is one and that every Hebrew is responsible for the security and wellbeing of every other. This willingness to take responsibility for the nation’s future is the clearest and most sincere expression of Ahavat Yisrael [love of Israel].
The exile mentality, by contrast, is not one that focuses on giving everything to HaShem but rather on only offering one’s leftovers as an expression of generosity. These crumbs could be charitable contributions to worthwhile causes, attendance at pro-Israel demonstrations, lobbying foreign governments on Israel’s behalf or even travel to Israel on solidarity missions. While all of these actions could potentially be both significant and beneficial to the Jewish state, they are generally performed out of kindness rather than from a genuine sense of national obligation. The fundamental difference between Kayin and Hevel is essentially manifested today through the distinction between those who contribute their extras to the national struggle from afar and those who offer themselves and/or their sons to that struggle.
From the time the Roman Empire conquered the Land of Israel, destroyed our national framework, uprooted the Jewish people from our soil and exiled us from our land, Israel had been wandering the globe as a national ghost through history. Wherever Diaspora communities were established, the exiled Jews never regarded themselves as being “home” but rather as strangers in a foreign land incessantly yearning for a return to Jerusalem. Although broken and scattered throughout the world, the Jews refused to forget their native land or their bond of solidarity with their brothers throughout the Diaspora.
All this changed with the Age of Enlightenment. Following the legal emancipation of Jews in certain European countries, Jewish intellectual leaders became eager to assimilate into the cultures of their host nations. The Maskilim (leaders of the Haskalah – Jewish Enlightenment) essentially traded their ancient national identities in exchange for civil rights in the lands of their dispersion and effectively severed the intellect from the emotion in order to forget Jerusalem and convince themselves that they were not really part of a scattered Jewish people but were actually Europeans who happened to adhere to a “Jewish religion.”
Separated from the mind, the heart became numb and developed into what Scripture calls a “Heart of Stone” (Yeḥezkel 36:26) – a heart unable to feel the pain of exile or recognize dangers looming on the horizon.
The essence of the Heart of Stone is to leave the Jew in an illusion – a complete lack of clarity that causes him to believe that he can compromise his identity. Whether assimilated, traditional or fully observant of Torah Law, a Jew might delude himself into self-identifying as a German, Russian, Persian or American. And when a Jew attempts to deny his fundamental essence, he reveals an inner shame that subconsciously incites gentile hostility.
The redemption is a process of clarification. Jews begin to once again develop a national consciousness. We cease trying to integrate into foreign nations and instead reconnect with our people and native land. The heart becomes a “Heart of Flesh” and begins to genuinely experience a sense of unity with the entire Hebrew nation.
The essence of Ahavat Yisrael is the willingness to take responsibility for Israel’s future. It is being prepared to give everything – even one’s life – without fear. Fear originates from the exilic misperception of our selves as individuals detached from the greater collective. Such an egoistic perspective breeds irresponsibility, as is characterized by Kayin’s dubious question of “Am I my brother’s keeper?” – a statement that often leads a person to shirk his obligations to the collective.
The Shabbat minḥa tefillah describes Israel as “one nation in the land.”
The Jewish people must return to our collective inner self and to the land of our life’s blood. Only on our native soil can we unite in rebuilding Hebrew civilization and give everything we have to the rebirth of our people. In order to advance the redemption process forward, each Jew must begin to assume responsibility by looking deep into his soul and questioning what he really should be giving. Only then can Israel succeed at our mission of bringing mankind to know HaShem as the timeless ultimate Reality without end that creates all, sustains all, empowers all and loves all.
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